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What are the common oil cooling methods for refrigeration units?
(1) Water-cooled oil cooler
Water-cooled oil coolers, as commonly used oil cooling equipment in the refrigeration and industrial fields, adopt a horizontal shell and tube structure. This design makes the overall layout of the equipment compact, facilitating installation and maintenance. In terms of internal structure, oil flows in the space outside the pipe, while water circulates inside the pipe.
Both ends of the tube bundle are firmly fixed to the tube sheet. The tube sheet not only supports the tube bundle but also effectively prevents the mixture of oil and water, ensuring the stability of the cooling process. The baffle plate set inside the cylinder is a key component. It changes the flow direction of the oil, making it flow along a tortuous path inside the cylinder. This greatly increases the contact time and contact area between the oil and the tube bundle, thereby significantly improving the heat exchange efficiency between the oil and the cooling water.
In actual operation, there are strict requirements for the inlet temperature of cooling water, which must be less than 32℃. This is to ensure that the cooling water has sufficient heat absorption capacity. Meanwhile, the oil temperature of the unit needs to be precisely controlled within the range of 40 to 65 degrees Celsius. Both excessively high and low oil temperatures will affect the normal operation and performance of the equipment.
For instance, excessively high oil temperature may lead to a decrease in the oil's viscosity, a deterioration in its lubricating performance, and accelerate equipment wear. If the oil temperature is too low, it may deteriorate the fluidity of the oil, affecting the start-up and operational efficiency of the equipment.
(2) Thermosiphon oil cooler
The thermosiphon oil cooler has structural similarities with the water-cooled oil cooler and both adopt a horizontal shell and tube design. The oil flows outside the pipe, while the refrigerant is inside the pipe. Its uniqueness lies in the utilization of the principle of thermosiphon to achieve the natural circulation of the refrigerant. When the refrigerant absorbs the heat of the oil inside the tube and evaporates, due to the decrease in density of the evaporated refrigerant, a density difference is formed with the refrigerant outside the tube that has not evaporated. This generates a natural circulation force, causing the refrigerant to continuously flow within the system and continuously absorb the heat of the oil, achieving the purpose of cooling the oil.
The temperature of the oil cooled by the thermosiphon oil cooler is generally 10 to 20 degrees Celsius higher than the condensing temperature. This temperature relationship is an important characteristic of the thermosiphon oil cooler in the design and operation process, which reflects the correlation between the cooling effect and the overall operating state of the system.
(3) Liquid spray cooling
In units with liquid spray cooling, the liquid spray cooling system plays a unique cooling role. The high-pressure refrigerant liquid drawn from the condenser or reservoir first passes through a filter. The function of the filter is to remove impurities and particles from the refrigerant liquid to prevent these impurities from entering subsequent equipment and causing blockage or damage.
Then, the refrigerant liquid passes through a throttling valve or a high-temperature expansion valve. The throttling valve or high-temperature expansion valve can precisely control the flow and pressure of the refrigerant liquid, allowing it to be sprayed into a certain intermediate orifice of the compressor in an appropriate state. When the high-pressure refrigerant liquid is injected into the compressor, it will quickly absorb the heat generated during the compression process, thereby effectively reducing the oil temperature. This cooling method features a fast response speed and obvious cooling effect.
It can promptly remove the heat inside the compressor, prevent the compressor from being damaged due to overheating, and enhance the operational efficiency and reliability of the compressor. Meanwhile, liquid injection cooling can also flexibly adjust the amount of refrigerant injected according to the operating conditions and load changes of the compressor, achieving precise cooling control.
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